页岩气水平井重复压裂关键技术进展及启示

由于页岩气水平井初始增产措施的种种不利因素，产量达不到预期，加之目前低迷的油价背景，页岩气水平井重复压裂技术越来越受到页岩气资源开发的关注。随着压裂技术的不断发展，许多页岩气区块已经成功实施了这一技术，以提高生产率，并增加页岩气井的最终采收率。综述了页岩气水平井重复压裂优化选井的程序，并讨论了关键工艺技术和监测分析技术，最后，结合目前不同技术的研究现状，对今后页岩气水平井重复压裂技术的研究方向进行了展望，提出了结合“大数据”技术选井、套损变形井柔性修复、基于损伤力学的裂缝监测以及新型材料的压裂液和支撑剂等技术攻关的建议。中国页岩气资源潜力巨大，加速形成适合中国页岩气水平井重复压裂配套技术，会对未来中国页岩气商业开发起到促进作用。     

上转光剂掺杂钨酸铋复合物的制备及其光催化降解 罗丹明B的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了上转光剂Er~(3+):Y_3Al_5O_(12),然后采用超声分散法将制备的Er~(3+):Y_3Al_5O_(12)与Bi_2WO_6复合得到光催化剂Er~(3+):Y_3Al_5O_(12)/Bi_2WO_6复合物,利用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂进行了表征.在(发出可见光的)三基色灯照射下,对罗丹明B的降解效果进行了一系列研究,如Er~(3+):Y_3Al_5O_(12)/Bi_2WO_6的煅烧温度,煅烧时间以及用量,光照强度,光照时间对罗丹明B降解率的影响.同时也考察了Er~(3+):Y_3Al_5O_(12)/Bi_2WO_6催化降解不同染料以及不同染料浓度的催化活性,并与单一的Bi_2WO_6的催化活性进行了对比.实验结果表明,催化剂的量为1.00 g/L,染料的初始浓度为10.00 mg/L,煅烧温度为350℃,煅烧时间为120 min时,对罗丹明B染料的降解效果最佳.     

Side-Channel Attacks in a Real Scenario

Existing Side-Channel Attacks(SCAs) have several limitations and, rather than to be real attack methods,can only be considered to be security evaluation methods. Their limitations are mainly related to the sampling conditions, such as the trigger signal embedded in the source code of the encryption device, and the acquisition device that serves as the encryption-device controller. Apart from it being very difficult for an attacker to add a trigger into the original design before making an attack or to control the encryption device, there is a big gap in the capacity of existing SCAs to pose real threats to cipher devices. In this paper, we propose a new method, the sliding window SCA(SW-SCA), which can be applied in scenarios in which the acquisition device is independent of the encryption device and for which the encryption source code requires no trigger signal or modification. First,we describe the main issues in existing SCAs, then we theoretically analyze the effectiveness and complexity of our proposed SW-SCA —a method that can incorporate a sliding-window mechanism into almost all of the existing non-profiled SCAs. The experimental results for both simulated and physical traces verify the effectiveness of the SW-SCA and the appropriateness of its theoretical complexity.     

非均匀介质下的可调光流控器件及其生化应用

 探讨了非均匀介质下不同光流控器件及其生化应用。在微流控芯片上，主要从2个方面开发和实现各类具有光波导、透镜、细胞计数、化学检测等功能的新器件。首先，在液液非均匀介质下，通过调节沟道内液体流速，控制液体间的对流扩散来实现液体在微腔内的渐变折射率分布和阶跃分布，从而得到其特殊的光学特性，例如光束分离、弯曲、自聚焦等。其次，在固体非均匀介质下，利用特殊的微流结构与液体相结合，实现更加灵敏可调的新型探测手段。这些新型技术手段分别在生物传感、能源生产、细胞探测及海水检测等诸多应用中可发挥关键性作用。     

团队创造力维度的构建:知识资本、思维风格与人格构成

创造力是团队原始创新的产生和发展的动力.创造力直接和间接的影响因素比较繁杂,目前缺乏对各因素之间逻辑关系的梳理和辨析.根据对心理学和管理学领域的文献研究及对专家的调研访谈,综合归纳了团队创造力的十个影响因素,并阐述各因素的内涵定义;根据各因素的内涵和作用建立因素间的关系模型,运用解析结构模型方法,通过级间分解将这些影响因素进行结构分类和维度构建;最后确定了团队创造力的3个维度,即知识资本、思维风格和人格构成,并阐述3个维度间的逻辑关系.     

基于改进灰狼算法的粒子滤波算法研究

针对传统粒子滤波算法易出现粒子贫化与权值退化现象和为了实现对非线性系统较为准确的状态估计,通常需要大量粒子的参与的问题,提出了基于改进灰狼算法的新型粒子滤波方法,该算法用粒子表征灰狼个体,模拟狼群捕猎的过程,使粒子向后验概率的高似然区域移动,提高粒子分布的合理性。在灰狼寻优算法中引入了莱维飞行策略,提高灰狼算法的收敛速度;在部分重采样前采用了权值自适应调整策略,增加粒子的多样性。仿真实验结果表明:改进的方法提高了粒子滤波的估计精度、保证了粒子的多样性与粒子分布的合理性、降低了状态估计所需的粒子数量。     

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C powder system

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C power system was studied by in-situ and static experimental investigations along with theoretical calculations. The reaction process was as follows. Firstly,B_4C decomposed into B and C atoms, and then B atoms diffused into Cu–Ni matrix, leading to the formation of Ni_2B particles. Subsequently, Ni atoms diffused into B_4C, forming a loose mixture of Ni_2B and amorphous C at the initial powder boundary. Finally, with the completion of reaction, Ni_2B particles at the powder boundary grew into a monolithic block, and then C substance was excluded out and accumulated at the edge of this monolithic Ni_2B block. It is believed that the formation of Ni_2B phase is caused by the most negative change of Gibbs free energy among all the potential reactions between Ni–B and Ni–B_4C systems.     

水平循环荷载引起的砂土沉陷-致密作用对刚性桩承载力的影响分析

为研究砂土中刚性桩基础在循环荷载作用下的承载力演化规律,提出了一种循环后单桩承载力的评估方法.首先,基于沉陷坑与致密区域土体的质量守恒原理,量化了由沉陷引起的土体参数变化;然后,根据API规范中的砂土水平土抗力-位移模型计算循环前后的单桩承载力;最后,提出了循环后单桩承载力的评估模型,并对沉陷坑尺寸、土体初始相对密实度和致密区域模式等因素进行对比分析.结果 表明:单桩承载力随沉陷坑的发展不断增大;对于松砂、中密砂和密砂,循环后的单桩承载力可分别提高约3.0、1.5、1.2倍,提高幅值随相对密实度的增大而降低;2种土体变形模式中,单锥模式相比于双锥模式更符合真实的致密区域形态.